Obstructive Sleep vs Central Sleep
In people with obstructive sleep apnea (the most common form of sleep apnea), airflow to the lungs is blocked because the airway has collapsed or is obstructed during sleep.
Less common than obstructive sleep apnea is central sleep apnea, which results from miscommunication between your breathing muscles and the brain region responsible for controlling breathing.
Causes
In many people with obstructive sleep apnea, airways become blocked due to excess body weight and a buildup of soft fat tissue in the windpipe. In fact, it’s estimated that more than 70% of sleep apnea patients are overweight. However, other problems such as abnormally large tonsils can also contribute to sleep apnea.
The following people may be at an increased risk for sleep apnea:
People who have small airways in their noses, throats, or mouths, sometimes due to the presence of allergies or other congestion-causing conditions. People with a family history of sleep apnea African Americans, Hispanics, and Pacific Islanders. Although this association may be in part due to an increased risk of obesity in these groups. People who smoke People with high blood pressure People with risk factors for stroke or heart failure People with untreated hypothyroidism People with acromegaly
Sleep apnea is also more common in men.
Symptoms
Since many sleep apnea symptoms occur during sleep, it may be difficult to detect the disorder. One of the most common signs of sleep apnea is loud, chronic snoring, often followed by choking or gasping. As sleep apnea progresses, snoring may increase in volume and occur more frequently. However, not everyone who snores has sleep apnea.
Other sleep apnea symptoms include:
Daytime sleepinessMorning headachesDifficulty concentratingMemory problemsIrritabilityMood swings or symptoms of depressionA dry throat upon awakening
Lifestyle Changes for Sleep Apnea
There are many lifestyle changes recommended by healthcare professionals that can be useful in sleep apnea treatment. These include:
Avoiding alcohol and medications that make you sleepy Maintaining a healthy weight Sleeping on your side instead of your back Quitting smoking Tongue exercises (orofacial therapy or myofunctional therapy)
Natural Remedies for Sleep Apnea
So far, scientific support for the claim that natural remedies can treat sleep apnea is lacking.
Acupuncture
Acupuncture is one of the few types of alternative medicine that shows promise in the management of sleep apnea. However, most of the studies testing acupuncture’s effectiveness as a sleep apnea treatment have included only a small number of patients.
In one study published in 2009, researchers assigned 30 people with obstructive sleep apnea to treatment with three to five acupuncture sessions per week. After 30 sessions, the patients showed significant improvements in factors such as hypoxia, the medical term for the absence of oxygen.
A 2016 review of studies of acupuncture treatment for obstructive sleep apnea found only six randomized controlled trials but concluded that manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture was effective in improving the apnea/hypopnea index and oxygen saturation as compared with controls. However, four of the six studies were considered to be at high risk of bias.
Herbs
Although herbs such as passionflower and valerian are sometimes recommended in the treatment of sleep apnea, there’s no evidence that any herbal remedy can help treat this sleep disorder.
Supplements haven’t been tested for safety and since dietary supplements are largely unregulated, the content of some products may differ from what is specified on the product label. Also keep in mind that the safety of alternative medicine in pregnant women, nursing mothers, children, and those with medical conditions or who are taking medications has not been established. And supplements may contain contaminants, with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) identifying over 700 supplements between 2007 and 2017 containing one or more unlisted, and sometimes banned, drugs.
If you’re considering using any form of alternative medicine, talk with your doctor first. Self-treating a condition and avoiding or delaying standard care may have serious consequences.
The Importance of Treatment
When left untreated, sleep apnea can lead to a number of serious complications (many of which are due to sudden drops in blood oxygen levels). These complications include:
High blood pressureIrregular heartbeatIncreased risk for heart attack, stroke, diabetes, and heart failure
Sleep Apnea Treatment
In treating sleep apnea, doctors aim to relieve symptoms and restore regular breathing during sleep. The most effective and common treatments include the use of mouthpieces and breathing devices such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).
In some rare instances of severe sleep apnea, a tracheostomy may be performed. This entails inserting a plastic tube through the neck into the windpipe.
Another surgical option is a Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, in which tissue that may include uvula, soft palate, and tonsils, is removed to allow for more airspace. More recently, less invasive procedures have been developed including maxillomandibular advancement that moves the upper and lower jaw forward to allow for greater airspace.
A hypoglossal nerve stimulator has been approved for use as well. Here a device is implanted in your chest wall and connected with a lead to the nerve innervating the tongue, causing the tongue to contract, and move out of the way with inspiration.
A nasal expiratory positive airway pressure device can also be tried in treating your sleep apnea. This entails small valve-like devices being attached to the nostrils that open with inspiration and close with expiration. Unlike CPAP, where positive pressure is given in both inspiration and expiration, this creates positive pressure in the airway during expiration. Although it usually does not completely eliminate sleep apnea, it has the advantage of being highly portable and might be a good option to try for someone unable to tolerate CPAP.
